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Investment Guides

Evergreen concepts that outlast a daily headline. These guides do not recommend trades; they help you verify primary sources yourself.

Investment Fundamentals

Core concepts for reading earnings and expectations without overstating certainty

A practical explanation of HBM architecture, how it differs from conventional DRAM, and what investors should verify.

How to interpret average, high, and low analyst targets, ratings distributions, update dates, and implied upside.

A consistent way to compare revenue, operating profit, net income, EPS, guidance, and cash flow.

How to find primary documents and verify the basis behind each number

A step-by-step guide to report types, effective dates, consolidated figures, amendments, attachments, and footnotes in Korean filings.

Where companies actually generate revenue, profit, and cash flow

The voting-right difference between Alphabet Class A and Class C shares and what investors should verify.

An overview of Samsung Electronics’ semiconductor, mobile, appliance, display, and Harman businesses.

A guide to SK hynix revenue drivers across DRAM, HBM, NAND, Solidigm, and the memory cycle.

An overview of NVIDIA’s data-center, gaming, networking, automotive, and software businesses.

A guide to Sandisk’s NAND flash, data-center SSD, edge, and consumer-storage businesses.